Name: A Dualistic Stream Classification System for Oregon

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Description: To meet the goals of the U.S. federal Clean Water Act (CWA) and Oregon’s Removal-Fill (R-F) Law, unavoidable impacts to jurisdictional waters, including streams and rivers, must be compensated for through compensatory mitigation under the CWA Section 404 and R-F permitting programs. Compensatory mitigation for impacts to the stream resource is not routinely required, as it generally is for wetlands, and that which does occur is often opportunistic or out-of-kind restoration (e.g. different stream type, wetlands) which does not provide functional replacement for impacts. As part of the effort to improve compensatory mitigation outcomes in Oregon, a stream classification system was needed to inform a more function-based, site level assessment of streams. To meet this need, we have developed a stream/watershed classification system for streams and rivers of various sizes (Nadeau et al. 2012), based in part on a hydrologic landscape classification system, addressing local assessment units, previously developed for Oregon (Wigington et al. 2013). The current stream classification system (Nadeau et al., in prep) reflects recent modifications to the hydrologic landscape classification system (Comeleo et al. 2014) that informs several of the included parameters. The system is hierarchical, expandable, and dualistic—providing information at both the local (reach) and watershed (integrative) scales. It recognizes the hydrologic and geologic drivers of stream functions, and meets several a prioricriteria established to assure statewide applicability: (1) the same variables are applied regardless of geography to assure consistency across regions, (2) classification is accomplished through an automated GIS process, (3) classes do not require field verification, and (4) data used are at appropriate resolution.Each stream type is defined by basic hydrologic and physical characteristics and determinants of flow regime, and reflects broad functional expectations. Because stream processes are highly influenced by watershed scale parameters, we developed watershed scale data layers to address such questions as annual water surplus availability, seasonality of surplus release, and floodplain influence. Adding a watershed component to the classification promotes consideration of watershed processes in developing and implementing an effective stream mitigation program, and informing implementation of other water-related programs. Metadata: http://oe.oregonexplorer.info/ExternalContent/epa/StreamClassification_4_2015.xml

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Copyright Text: Nadeau T-L., P.J. Wigington Jr., R.L. Comeleo, S.G. Leibowitz, R.J. Brooks, S. Patil, D.J. Sobota. 2012. A dualistic stream classification system for Oregon: in support of a stream compensatory mitigation framework. American Geophysical Union, Winter Conference, San Francisco, CA. Wigington, P.J., Jr., S.G. Leibowitz, R.L. Comeleo, J.L. Ebersole. 2013. Oregon hydrologic landscapes: a classification framework. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 49:163-182. Comeleo, R.L., P.J. Wigington Jr., S.G. Leibowitz. 2014. Creation of a digital aquifer permeability map for the Pacific Northwest. EPA/600/R-14/431, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR.

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